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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
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Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

Published on: May 6, 2019

Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death.

Douglas R Green1, Thomas Ferguson, Laurence Zitvogel

  • 1Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. e-mails: douglas.green@stjude.org

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|April 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The immune system distinguishes between cell death types to manage pathogens and prevent autoimmunity. Understanding this discrimination is crucial for effective cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune disease research.

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Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes
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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
10:13

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Published on: May 6, 2019

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
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In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells

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Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes
06:09

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Published on: June 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The immune system encounters dead cells regularly from normal processes, injury, and infection.
  • Distinguishing between different cell death forms is vital for pathogen clearance, tissue repair, and preventing autoimmune responses.
  • Chemotherapy-induced tumor cell death often necessitates an immune response for effective cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunological mechanisms that differentiate between immunogenic, tolerogenic, and silent cell death.
  • To understand how the immune system decides whether to initiate an immune response against dying cells.

Main Methods:

  • This study focuses on the conceptual framework and existing knowledge regarding immune responses to cell death.
  • It involves a review and synthesis of current immunological principles and experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • The immune system's response to cell death is context-dependent, influenced by factors like the cell type, death pathway, and microenvironment.
  • Failure to correctly interpret cell death signals can lead to either ineffective pathogen clearance or detrimental autoimmunity.
  • Specific danger signals associated with certain cell death modalities trigger immunogenic responses.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of cell death immunogenicity is essential for developing targeted therapies for autoimmune diseases and enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular pathways governing the immune system's discrimination of cell death types.