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Filler systems based on calcium metaphosphates.

J M Antonucci1, B O Fowler, S Venz

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|April 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Calcium metaphosphate (CMP) fillers show promise for dental composites. Beta-CMP fillers offer improved moisture resistance and strength compared to vitreous forms, suggesting potential in dental materials.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Calcium metaphosphates (CMP) are polymeric phosphate minerals with refractive indices compatible with dental resins like BIS-GMA.
  • Their potential as fillers in visible-light-activated (VLA) dental composites requires evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and assess various calcium metaphosphate (CMP) forms as fillers for VLA dental composites.
  • To investigate the impact of CMP filler types and surface modifications on composite properties.

Main Methods:

  • Vitreous (V) and beta-crystalline CMP forms were synthesized via controlled thermolysis of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate.
  • Hybrid fillers were prepared using thermal methods, and fillers were characterized by IR spectroscopy and optical microscopy.

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  • VLA composites were formulated using untreated and surface-modified CMP fillers in various size ranges.

    • Main Results:

    • Composites with V-CMP and hybrid fillers exhibited water expansion and low diametral tensile strength (DTS) of 8 MPa.
    • Beta-CMP composites demonstrated superior moisture resistance and higher DTS (12-33 MPa).
    • Beta-CMP composites also showed a tendency to arrest brittle fracture.

    Conclusions:

    • Beta-crystalline CMP fillers are more suitable for VLA dental composites due to better moisture resistance and mechanical properties.
    • These CMP fillers have potential applications in dental composites, cements, and adhesives.
    • Further research into surface modification and hybrid formulations could optimize CMP filler performance.