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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Adrenal schwannoma.

Eugen Târcoveanu1, Gabriel Dimofte, Costel Bradea

  • 1First Surgical Clinic, "St. Spiridon" Hospital, University of Medicine, Iaçsi, Romania. etarco@iasi.mednet.ro

JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons
|April 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Adrenal schwannomas are rare tumors, often misdiagnosed as metastases, especially after cancer surgery. This case highlights the importance of pathological confirmation for adrenal masses and successful laparoscopic excision.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Adrenal schwannomas are rare adrenal gland tumors.
  • Preoperative diagnosis is challenging.
  • Often mistaken for metastatic lesions, particularly in cancer patients.

Observation:

  • A 55-year-old man with a history of cutaneous malignant melanoma incidentally found to have a left adrenal mass.
  • Initial radiological assessment suggested a metastatic lesion.
  • Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed.

Findings:

  • Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the adrenal mass as a schwannoma.
  • The postoperative course was uneventful.
  • The schwannoma was non-secreting.

Implications:

  • Non-secreting adrenal masses require careful evaluation, especially in patients with a history of malignancy.
  • Distinguishing adrenal metastasis from benign tumors is crucial for patient prognosis.
  • Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is an effective treatment for adrenal schwannomas, aiding in definitive diagnosis.