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Updated: Jun 24, 2026
09:12
The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
Published on: July 4, 2013
Approach to bullying and victimization
Jennifer Lamb1, Debra J Pepler, Wendy Craig
1University of Toronto, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Burton Hall, 60 Grosvenor St, Toronto, Ontario. jennifer.lamb@utoronto.ca
Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
|April 16, 2009
Summary
Bullying is a significant health issue for children, impacting their well-being. Primary care physicians can identify and support children involved in bullying, promoting healthier relationships.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Child Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Bullying is a prevalent issue among children with serious health consequences.
- Primary care settings are crucial for identifying children affected by bullying.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology of bullying and victimization in children.
- To outline methods for identification and management of bullying in primary care.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases.
- Inclusion of authors' clinical and research experience.
- Based on levels II and III evidence.
Main Results:
- Bullying involvement presents significant physical and psychosocial symptoms.
- Physicians require awareness to screen and identify children involved in bullying.
- The article provides a review, assessment tool, and management strategies for bullying.
Conclusions:
- Bullying is a substantial problem affecting Canadian children.
- Increased physician awareness can facilitate identification and support for children involved in bullying.
- Physicians can help children develop healthy relationships by addressing bullying.
Related Concept Videos
02:04Bullying
A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.
01:20Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance
Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable options,...
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable options,...
01:29Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder
The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
02:09Bystander Effect
The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
01:14Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance
Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the anxiety of...
01:14Fundamental Attribution Error
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...