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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
11:15

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

Molecular classification of solid tumours: towards pathway-driven therapeutics.

C Swanton1, C Caldas

  • 1Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK.

British Journal of Cancer
|April 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances in cancer genomics and epigenetics are revolutionizing solid tumor classification. Molecular profiling guides future oncology clinical trials and patient selection for targeted therapies.

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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The past decade has seen significant progress in genetic and epigenetic analyses of solid tumors.
  • Transcriptional and DNA copy-number studies have enhanced tumor classification and identified genomic aberrations linked to patient outcomes.
  • MicroRNA-mediated silencing and DNA methylation add complexity to gene expression regulation in tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of genetic and epigenetic studies on solid tumor classification.
  • To discuss the central role of these studies in the future of oncology.
  • To highlight the shift towards molecularly guided therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Massive parallel sequencing for whole cancer genome analysis.
  • Functional genomic studies utilizing RNA interference (RNAi) screening.
  • Analysis of transcriptional, copy-number, microRNA, and methylation data.

Main Results:

  • Improved understanding and classification of solid tumors.
  • Identification of gene mutations and their association with tumor characteristics.
  • Revelation of complex gene expression regulatory networks.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic and epigenetic studies are crucial for advancing solid tumor classification.
  • These advancements are driving a transition to molecularly guided clinical trials.
  • Patient selection based on predictive molecular criteria is becoming integral to drug development.