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Inhalation Anthrax01:25

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Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...
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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Framework for evaluating anthrax risk in buildings.

Phillip N Price1, Michael D Sohn, Kristina S H Lacommare

  • 1Indoor Environment Department, Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. pnprice@lbl.gov

Environmental Science & Technology
|April 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Determining acceptable Bacillus anthracis (BA) contamination levels in buildings is crucial. A new nomogram helps assess anthrax risk, surface contamination, and the number of samples needed for detection certainty.

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Published on: May 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Public health
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacillus anthracis (BA) poses a significant public health risk, necessitating clear guidelines for building contamination.
  • Assessing the relationship between surface contamination levels and occupant risk is critical for safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish criteria for unacceptable Bacillus anthracis (BA) contamination levels in buildings.
  • To develop a method for determining the number of samples required to assess contamination with a specified certainty.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on BA contamination and risk.
  • Introduction of a nomogram to analyze the relationship between surface concentration, detection probability, and sampling strategy.

Main Results:

  • The study presents a framework for decision-making regarding BA contamination.
  • A nomogram is provided to visualize the interplay between risk, concentration, and sampling requirements.

Conclusions:

  • The developed approach aids in setting acceptable risk levels and determining necessary sampling protocols for anthrax.
  • This methodology is adaptable for assessing other agents posing risks through particle resuspension.