Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.

Depression: Overview

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...

Antidepressant Drugs: Overview

Antidepressant Drugs: Overview

Antidepressant drugs are a class of medications primarily used for treating various mood disorders, including major depression, anxiety disorders, and other related conditions. These medicines work by modulating the neurotransmitter balance within the brain, alleviating depressive symptoms. Antidepressants can be broadly categorized into several groups according to their mechanism of action and chemical structure: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine...

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Longitudinal Blood DNA Methylation Changes During Weight-Loss Intervention and Dementia Progression Risk.

Research square·2026

Same author

Genome wide association study meta-analysis of neuropathologic lesions of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in a multi-site autopsy cohort.

PLoS genetics·2026

Same author

From aging to Alzheimer's disease: concordant brain DNA methylation changes in late life.

Genome medicine·2026

Same author

Blood DNA methylation signature of cognitive reserve moderates the association between CSF tau pathology and memory in prodromal Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)·2026

Same author

Sex-specific genetic drivers of memory, executive functioning and language in older adults.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026

Same author

The aging epigenome: integrative analyses reveal intersection with Alzheimer's disease.

GeroScience·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

Published on: October 20, 2016

Resolving the relationship between ApolipoproteinE and depression.

Michael A Slifer¹, Eden R Martin, John R Gilbert

¹Miami Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA. mslifer@med.miami.edu

Neuroscience Letters

|April 17, 2009

Summary

The ApolipoproteinE-epsilon4 (APOE4) allele is not associated with depression in elders when cognitive status is considered. Depression in cognitively intact elders is linked to female gender, not APOE4.

More Related Videos

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy

Published on: August 15, 2014

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

Published on: October 20, 2016

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy

Published on: August 15, 2014

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Gerontology

Background:

The ApolipoproteinE-epsilon4 (APOE4) allele is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the association between APOE4 and depression in older adults.
Cognitive status may confound the relationship between APOE4 and depression.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between the APOE4 allele and depression in elders.
To determine if cognitive status confounds the APOE4-depression relationship.
To explore other factors associated with depression in this population.

Main Methods:

Case-control study with 1052 participants.
Participants included Alzheimer's disease patients and cognitively intact controls.
APOE4 genotyping and depression assessment were performed.

Main Results:

An apparent association between APOE4 and depression was observed in the combined dataset without controlling for cognitive status (p=0.001).
No association was found between APOE4 and depression in Alzheimer's patients (p=0.290) or cognitively intact controls (p=0.494).
Female gender was associated with depression in cognitively intact elders (p=0.003) but not in Alzheimer's patients.
Alzheimer's disease patients with depression had a significantly earlier age of onset (p=0.017).

Conclusions:

The APOE4 allele is not associated with depression in elders when cognitive status is accounted for.
Cognitive status is a crucial factor when examining the APOE4-depression link.
Female gender is a significant correlate of depression in cognitively intact older adults.