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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse
Published on: October 24, 2017
A comparison of foetal SAR in three sets of pregnant female models
Peter J Dimbylow1, Tomoaki Nagaoka, X George Xu
1Radiation Protection Division, Health Protection Agency, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK. peter.dimbylow@hpa.org.uk
Abstract:
This paper compares the foetal SAR in the HPA hybrid mathematical phantoms with the 26-week foetal model developed at the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, and the set of 13-, 26- and 38-week boundary representation models produced at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. FDTD calculations are performed at a resolution of 2 mm for a plane wave with a vertically aligned electric field incident upon the body from the front, back and two sides from 20 MHz to 3 GHz under isolated conditions. The external electric field values required to produce the ICNIRP public exposure localized restriction of 2 W kg(-1) when averaged over 10 g of the foetus are compared with the ICNIRP reference levels.

