Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
Shoulder joint moments during walker use in children with cerebral palsy - biomed 2009
Katherine Konop1, Kelly Strifling, Gerald Harris
1Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Milwaukee, WI.
Abstract:
Upper extremity (UE) joint kinetics is a topic that is not thoroughly explored in the current literature. Biped UE joints are not anatomically designed to be weight bearing, therefore it is important to quantify the forces and moments applied to them during aided gait. This study has employed a custom dynamic model to examine the UE kinetics during walker use in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Five children with spastic diplegic CP using both anterior and posterior walkers are analyzed in this study. The flexion/extension moment at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint are compared between walker types using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. No significant differences between anterior and posterior walker were found in the maximum, minimum, or range of the moments. Further research is needed to determine the effects of walking aids on UE dynamics.
Related Concept Videos
Muscles of the Shoulder
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Knee Joint
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Ankle Joint
