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Anatomy of the Ear

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

Papillary Dermis

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Published on: December 5, 2025

Chondrocutaneous marginal ear flap.

João Medeiros¹, Manoel Belerique, Edelton Antunes

¹Plastic Surgery Department, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital (HUCFF-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. jmedeiro@compuland.com.br

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

|April 17, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a single-stage surgical technique using a chondrocutaneous marginal flap for treating helical tumors in elderly patients. This method also effectively repairs traumatic injuries to the ear

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Plastic Surgery
Surgical Oncology

Background:

Helical tumors often affect elderly patients with complex health issues.
These patients typically require efficient, single-stage treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel chondrocutaneous marginal flap technique for helical tumor treatment.
To evaluate the flap's efficacy in single-stage operations and traumatic injury repair.

Main Methods:

Utilized a chondrocutaneous marginal flap, up to 4.0 cm in length.
Flap based on the artery of the lobe, penetrating the helix at the antitragus helicin cleft.

Main Results:

The described flap technique is suitable for single-stage helical tumor removal.
The flap is also effective for repairing circumscribed traumatic injuries of the helical rim.

Conclusions:

This chondrocutaneous marginal flap offers a viable single-stage solution for helical tumors in high-risk patients.
The technique demonstrates versatility in managing both oncological and traumatic helical defects.