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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

Clinically available pharmacogenomics tests.

D A Flockhart¹, T Skaar, D S Berlin

¹Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. (dflockha@iupui.edu

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

|April 17, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacogenomic tests, a key outcome of the Human Genome Project, are now available despite challenges. Examining these tests reveals their value in personalizing drug therapy for better patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacogenomics
Genetics
Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

The Human Genome Project aimed to yield clinically valuable pharmacogenomic tests.
Development faced significant anticipated and unanticipated obstacles.
Several pharmacogenomic tests are now accessible in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze available pharmacogenomic tests.
To evaluate the evidence supporting their clinical use.
To assess their utility in personalizing therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing pharmacogenomic tests.
Analysis of supporting clinical evidence.
Assessment of prescriber value and therapeutic merit.

Main Results:

Pharmacogenomic tests are emerging in clinical settings.
Evidence supporting their use is growing.
These tests offer potential for personalized medicine.

Conclusions:

Lessons learned from early pharmacogenomic tests are crucial.
These tests are valuable tools for tailoring drug therapy.
Continued evaluation is needed to maximize their clinical impact.