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Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection
08:22

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

Published on: July 21, 2013

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: case report.

Oğuzhan Oz1, Seref Demirkaya, Semai Bek

  • 1Neurology Department, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey. oz_oguzhan@yahoo.com

The Journal of Headache and Pain
|April 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) can cause thunderclap headache and hemiparesis. Prompt diagnosis and management, even with normal initial tests, are crucial for recovery.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Neurology

Background:

  • Thunderclap headache (TCH) presents diagnostic challenges.
  • Cerebral artery imaging is vital even with normal CT and lumbar puncture.

Observation:

  • A 28-year-old woman presented with TCH, followed by left hemiparesis.
  • She had a history of oral contraceptive and citalopram use.
  • Cerebral angiography revealed multiple stenotic segments.

Findings:

  • Primary angiitis of the central nervous system and RCVS were considered.
  • Normal cerebrospinal fluid favored RCVS.
  • Follow-up angiography demonstrated significant improvement after treatment.

Implications:

  • RCVS diagnosis was confirmed.
  • Identifying and avoiding triggers is important for managing RCVS.
  • This case highlights the importance of comprehensive neuroimaging in TCH evaluation.