Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata in a pregnant woman

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is a rare disease occurring as intraabdominal benign tumors. The underlying mechanism of LPD development in premenopausal females is still unknown, but high levels of estrogen and progesterone seem to play a major role.

We present a case of a 29-year-old gravida 1, 22 6/7 weeks of gestation with symptoms of an acute abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound and MRI showed intraabdominal masses of uncertain origin most likely to be an extreme example of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Explorative laparotomy was performed, and histopathological analysis revealed benign tumors classified as leiomyomatosis. A cesarean section was performed due to increasing abdominal pain and excessive elevated inflammatory serum parameters. Postpartum, a spontaneous regression of the LPD was marked.

LPD is a rare disease of young women. Excessive hormonal exposure seems to play a major role. Diagnosis is often difficult and a histopathological analysis is needed.