Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents01:20

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents

The gastric mucosa produces prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), crucial in maintaining gastric health. They exert cytoprotective effects, including increasing bicarbonate secretion, releasing protective mucin, reducing gastric acid output, and preventing harmful vasoconstriction. These effects are mediated through various receptors, such as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce peptic ulcers by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, decreasing...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of atosiban in women with previous embryo implantation failure and abnormal uterine contractions undergoing single blastocyst-stage embryo transfer: a study protocol.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Visual tubal patency tests for tubal occlusion and hydrosalpinx.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same author

Enhancing trustworthiness checks of randomized controlled trials: a pathway to more reliable evidence.

Journal of clinical epidemiology·2026
Same author

Total Testosterone Measured by Liquid Chromatograph-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Refines Diagnosis of Biochemical Hyperandrogenism and Better Identifies Subgroup at Genuine Risk of Adverse Fertility Outcomes in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Reproductive medicine and biology·2026
Same author

Methods of induction of labour: a network meta-analysis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same author

Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
05:36

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

Published on: October 4, 2024

Progesterone for premenstrual syndrome.

Olive Ford, Anne Lethaby, Helen Roberts

    The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    |April 17, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Progesterone treatment for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) lacks sufficient evidence of effectiveness. Current trials are limited, and results are inconclusive regarding benefits and adverse events for PMS symptom management.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects approximately 5% of women with severe symptoms.
    • Progesterone therapy is explored for PMS, potentially addressing hormonal imbalances or deficiencies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of progesterone as a treatment for premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
    • To document any reported adverse events associated with progesterone treatment for PMS.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic search of multiple databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO.
    • Inclusion of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of progesterone for women diagnosed with PMS.
    • Independent data extraction by two reviewers, with efforts to obtain missing data from trial investigators.

    More Related Videos

    Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea
    07:36

    Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

    Published on: December 23, 2022

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

    Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
    05:36

    Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

    Published on: October 4, 2024

    Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea
    07:36

    Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

    Published on: December 23, 2022

    Main Results:

    • Only two of 17 initially identified studies met inclusion criteria, involving 280 participants.
    • Studies varied in design, participant criteria, and progesterone dosage, precluding meta-analysis.
    • Reported adverse events were generally mild; one trial suggested benefit when ineligible participants were excluded, while another found no significant difference.

    Conclusions:

    • Evidence is insufficient to confirm or refute the effectiveness of progesterone for PMS.
    • No specific subgroup of women who benefit from progesterone treatment was identified.
    • Further research is needed, particularly regarding high-dose treatments and specific patient populations.