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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
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Published on: February 19, 2019

Immunoglobulins for preventing hepatitis A.

Jian Ping Liu1, Dimitrinka Nikolova, Yutong Fei

  • 1Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, 100029. jianping_l@hotmail.com

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|April 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunoglobulins effectively prevent hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis) through pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. Higher immunoglobulin doses show greater efficacy, with no significant adverse events reported, though trial quality warrants caution.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hepatitis A is a prevalent infectious disease requiring effective prevention strategies.
  • Immunoglobulins are utilized for passive immunization to prevent Hepatitis A transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunoglobulin prophylaxis for Hepatitis A prevention.
  • To assess both pre- and post-exposure administration of immunoglobulins.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and others up to October 2008.
  • Included 13 trials with over 567,000 participants, assessing Hepatitis A occurrence as the primary outcome.

Main Results:

  • Immunoglobulins significantly reduced Hepatitis A incidence in adults and children for pre-exposure prophylaxis compared to no intervention.
  • Higher immunoglobulin doses demonstrated increased effectiveness in preventing Hepatitis A.
  • Immunoglobulin was more effective than placebo for post-exposure prophylaxis, but less effective than Hepatitis A vaccine for long-term antibody levels.

Conclusions:

  • Immunoglobulins appear effective for both pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of Hepatitis A.
  • Findings should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of bias and heterogeneity in the included trials.
  • Further rigorous trials are recommended to confirm the benefits of immunoglobulin prophylaxis for Hepatitis A.