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Inhalation Anthrax01:25

Inhalation Anthrax

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...
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Published on: May 19, 2020

Vaccines for preventing anthrax.

Sarah Donegan1, Richard Bellamy, Carrol L Gamble

  • 1International Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK, L3 5QA. Sarah.Donegan@liverpool.ac.uk

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|April 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anthrax vaccines, including live-attenuated and antigen-based options, show promise in preventing the potentially fatal bacterial zoonosis. Further research is ongoing to confirm effectiveness and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Bacterial Zoonoses

Background:

  • Anthrax is a serious bacterial zoonosis with potentially fatal human outcomes.
  • Existing anthrax vaccines include live-attenuated, cell-free filtrate, and recombinant protein formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of various anthrax vaccines.
  • Evaluate different vaccine types and administration methods for anthrax prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs.
  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE up to November 2008.
  • Independently assessed trial eligibility, risk of bias, and extracted data on anthrax cases and seroconversion.

Main Results:

  • A live-attenuated vaccine demonstrated protective effects against clinical anthrax in a large cluster-RCT.
  • Inactivated vaccines showed a dose-response relationship for anti-protective antigen IgG antibody titers.
  • Intramuscular administration resulted in fewer injection site reactions compared to subcutaneous routes.

Conclusions:

  • Limited evidence suggests live-attenuated vaccines are effective for cutaneous anthrax prevention.
  • Anthrax antigen-based vaccines are generally immunogenic with a favorable safety profile.
  • Ongoing RCTs continue to investigate the immunogenicity and safety of anthrax vaccines.