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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves
04:06

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

Published on: September 13, 2024

Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis: a status report.

J J Sciubba1

  • 1The Milton J. Dance Head & Neck Center, The Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA. sciubbajj@comcast.net

Oral Diseases
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis is a controversial diagnosis. Evolving concepts and lack of formal research hinder its acceptance and understanding of associated trigeminal neuralgia-like pain.

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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves
04:06

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

Published on: September 13, 2024

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
10:35

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Oral pathology
  • Neurology
  • Pain medicine

Background:

  • Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO) remains a debated topic in oral pathology.
  • Evolving etiologic concepts have led to confusion and departures from the original definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the controversies surrounding NICO.
  • To discuss challenges and counterclaims to the NICO concept.
  • To highlight the lack of research methodology in supporting literature.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual analysis.
  • Discussion of historical definitions and challenges.
  • Critical evaluation of existing evidence.

Main Results:

  • Significant departures from Ratner's original concept have occurred.
  • Numerous challenges and counterclaims to the NICO etiology have been published.
  • Absence of formal research design and institutional review is noted.

Conclusions:

  • The etiology of NICO and its link to trigeminal neuralgia-like pain require further clarification.
  • Methodological weaknesses in current literature impede broader acceptance of NICO.
  • Standardized research protocols are needed to validate NICO's existence and pathophysiology.