Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 23, 2026

3D Culturing of Organoids from the Intestinal Villi Epithelium Undergoing Dedifferentiation
Published on: April 1, 2021
Cdx2 and the Brm-type SWI/SNF complex cooperatively regulate villin expression in gastrointestinal cells
Nobutake Yamamichi1, Ken-ichi Inada, Chihiro Furukawa
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Host-Parasite Interaction, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan.
Abstract:
In our recent study showing a correlation between Brm-deficiency and undifferentiated status of gastric cancer, we found that the Brm-type SWI/SNF complex is required for villin expression. To elucidate intestinal villin regulation more precisely, we here analyzed structure and function of the promoter of human villin. About 1.1 kb upstream of the determined major transcription start site, we identified a highly conserved region (HCR-Cdx) among mammals, which contains two binding sites for Cdx. Expression analyses of 30 human gastrointestinal cell lines suggested that villin is regulated by Cdx2. Introduction of Cdx family genes into colorectal SW480 cells revealed that villin is strongly induced strongly by Cdx2, moderately by Cdx1, and marginally by Cdx4. Knockdown of Cdx2 in SW480 cells caused a clear downregulation of villin, and reporter assays showed that HCR-Cdx is crucial for Cdx2-dependent and Brm-dependent villin expression. Immunohistochemical analyses of gastric intestinal metaplasia and cancer revealed that villin and Cdx2 expression are tightly coupled. GST pull-down assays demonstrated a direct interaction between Cdx2 and several SWI/SNF subunits. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed the recruitment of Cdx2 and Brm around HCR-Cdx. From these results, we concluded that Cdx2 regulates intestinal villin expression through recruiting Brm-type SWI/SNF complex to the villin promoter.
More Related Videos
12:15The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analysis and Imaging
Published on: October 3, 2017
07:48Protocols for Analyzing the Role of Paneth Cells in Regenerating the Murine Intestine using Conditional Cre-lox Mouse Models
Published on: November 21, 2015
Related Concept Videos
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
Pleiotropy
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Exon Recombination
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Dosage Compensation
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...