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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Differentiation and function of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells.

Chen Dong1

  • 1Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. cdong@mdanderson.org

Microbes and Infection
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new CD4+ helper T (Th) cell subset producing IL-17 and IL-17F cytokines is crucial for inflammation and autoimmunity. Research explores its transcriptional regulation, development with regulatory T cells, and in vivo functions.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

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Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • CD4+ helper T (Th) cells differentiate into effector subsets after activation.
  • A novel Th subset producing Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-17F has been identified.
  • This Th17 subset plays a critical role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent findings on the transcriptional regulation of Th17-cell differentiation.
  • To elucidate the developmental relationship between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs).
  • To understand the in vivo function of IL-17 and IL-17F cytokines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research and experimental data.
  • Analysis of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.
  • In vivo studies investigating cytokine functions.

Main Results:

  • Recent work has shed light on the transcriptional control governing Th17 cell development.
  • The relationship between Th17 cells and Tregs is being actively investigated.
  • The in vivo roles of IL-17 and IL-17F in disease pathogenesis are becoming clearer.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding Th17 cell differentiation is key to addressing inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
  • Further research into Th17/Treg interactions may reveal new therapeutic targets.
  • IL-17 and IL-17F are significant mediators of in vivo inflammatory responses.