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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Sources of Food Contamination01:29

Sources of Food Contamination

Contamination of food by microbial agents and natural toxins poses significant risks to public health. These hazards can be introduced at various points across the food supply chain, ranging from environmental sources to processing and storage stages. Understanding these contamination pathways is critical for developing strategies to ensure food safety.Seafood is particularly vulnerable to contamination through both environmental exposure and microbial colonization. Toxins from harmful algal...

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Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster
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Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster

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Minireview: the case for obesogens.

Felix Grün1, Bruce Blumberg

  • 1Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300, USA.

Molecular Endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental chemicals called obesogens may contribute to the obesity epidemic by disrupting the body's natural weight regulation. Further research is needed to understand their role in weight gain, despite normal diet and exercise.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Environmental Health
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Obesity and related disorders like type 2 diabetes are global health crises.
  • Conventional understanding attributes obesity to a positive energy balance (calories in > calories out).
  • Emerging research suggests environmental chemicals, termed obesogens, may disrupt energy balance regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence supporting the existence and role of obesogens.
  • To explore potential mechanisms by which obesogens promote weight gain.
  • To identify areas for future research on obesogens and their contribution to obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on obesogens.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms of obesogen action on energy balance.
  • Synthesis of current evidence and identification of research gaps.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests certain chemicals can alter energy balance, promoting fat accumulation.
  • Obesogens may interfere with homeostatic mechanisms controlling weight.
  • Individuals exposed to obesogens may be predisposed to weight gain irrespective of diet and exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Obesogens represent a potential environmental factor contributing to the obesity epidemic.
  • Understanding obesogen action is crucial for developing effective obesity prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the precise role and impact of obesogens.