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Related Concept Videos

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

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Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage (Tropism) by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach
07:06

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage (Tropism) by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach

Published on: December 1, 2011

HIV coreceptor CXCR4 antagonists.

Dominique Schols1

  • 1Rega Institute for Medical Research, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. dominique.schols@rega.kuleuven.be

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New HIV antiviral drugs are crucial due to increasing drug resistance. This review highlights entry inhibitors, including chemokine receptor antagonists targeting CXCR4, as a promising new class of treatments for HIV-1 infection.

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Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
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Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage (Tropism) by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach
07:06

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage (Tropism) by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach

Published on: December 1, 2011

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay to Identify Compounds That Disrupt Binding of Fluorescently-labeled CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 to CXC Chemokine Receptor 4
06:56

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay to Identify Compounds That Disrupt Binding of Fluorescently-labeled CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 to CXC Chemokine Receptor 4

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Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
11:10

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Published on: December 27, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rising HIV drug resistance necessitates novel antiviral therapies.
  • Current treatments face challenges with viral resistance.
  • A new mode of action is essential for effective HIV management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of novel antiviral drugs for HIV-1.
  • To focus on entry inhibitors as a new class of HIV therapeutics.
  • To discuss chemokine receptor inhibitors targeting CXCR4.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on HIV entry inhibitors.
  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical development stages.
  • Focus on drugs targeting HIV coreceptors.

Main Results:

  • Entry inhibitors represent a new class of HIV-1 drugs.
  • Enfuvirtide (T-20), targeting gp41, is a licensed entry inhibitor.
  • Various other entry inhibitors are in development.

Conclusions:

  • Chemokine receptor inhibitors targeting CXCR4 are a key focus.
  • CXCR4 is a major coreceptor for HIV-1 entry.
  • These inhibitors offer a potential new strategy against HIV.