Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Defining the threshold duration of candidemia associated with poor outcomes: Redefining persistent candidemia.

The Journal of infection·2026
Same author

Real-World Experience with Cefiderocol in Hematologic Patients with Malignancies.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Time to positivity as a diagnostic tool for catheter-related candidemia: A species-specific analysis.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

The Combined Role of Cognitive, Plasma, Volumetric and EEG Markers Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum in Down Syndrome.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR·2026
Same author

Pulmonary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma and Tuberculosis: A Rare Association With Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.

Journal of medical cases·2026
Same author

Effects of Siltuximab Versus Corticosteroids in Preventing COVID-19 Pneumonia Disease Progression: Multicentre, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Clinical and translational science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

Immune modulators and treatment interruption.

Felipe García1, Emilio Fumero, José María Gatell

  • 1aInfectious Diseases Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Institute for Biomedical Investigation, Spain bIRSICAIXA-HIVACAT, Hospital Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Sudden immune activation in HIV pathogenesis can be harmful. Cytostatic drugs may prevent viral replication spikes after interrupting antiretroviral therapy, safeguarding patients from adverse events.

More Related Videos

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Systemic immune activation plays a complex role in chronic infections.
  • Factors beyond viral replication, such as regulatory T cell dysfunction and microbial translocation, may drive immune activation.
  • Immune activation following antiretroviral therapy interruption is linked to increased risks of malignancies and cardiovascular events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significance of immune activation in HIV pathogenesis.
  • To summarize strategies for preventing viral replication surges after antiretroviral therapy interruption.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HIV pathogenesis and immune activation.
  • Analysis of findings related to immune activation triggers and consequences.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies for managing immune activation.

Main Results:

  • Immune activation can have dual effects in chronic infections.
  • Potential drivers of immune activation include altered T regulatory cell function and microbial translocation.
  • Interruption of antiretroviral therapy can lead to significant immune activation, increasing morbidity.

Conclusions:

  • Cytostatic drugs can render T lymphocytes resistant to HIV-1 infection, preventing viral load rebound.
  • This approach aims to avoid high viral replication peaks post-antiretroviral interruption without compromising HIV-1 specific immunity.
  • Immunomodulators are considered as adjuncts to antiretroviral therapy in structured treatment interruption strategies.