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Neodymium-complex-doped photodefined polymer channel waveguide amplifiers.

Jing Yang1, Mart B J Diemeer, Dimitri Geskus

  • 1Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. j.yang@ewi.utwente.nl

Optics Letters
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers fabricated polymer channel waveguides doped with neodymium (Nd) ions, achieving optical gain at 1060 nm. This demonstrates a net gain of 8 dB in a 5.6-cm amplifier, with upconversion effects noted at high Nd concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Polymer waveguides offer a versatile platform for integrated optics.
  • Neodymium (Nd)-doped materials are crucial for laser applications.
  • Efficient fabrication of active optical waveguides is essential for photonic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize polymer channel waveguides doped with a specific Nd complex for optical amplification.
  • To demonstrate optical gain in these waveguides at 1060 nm.
  • To investigate the effect of Nd concentration on gain and upconversion.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication using spin coating of photodefinable cladding, photopatterning, and backfilling with active core polymer.
  • Characterization of photoluminescence at 1060 nm from Nd(3+) ions.
  • Measurement of optical gain in channel waveguides with varying Nd(3+) concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of polymer channel waveguides doped with Nd(thenoyltrifluoroacetone)3 1,10-phenanthroline.
  • Observed photoluminescence at 1060 nm with a 130 µs lifetime.
  • Demonstrated optical gain at 1060 nm, achieving an 8 dB internal net gain in a 5.6 cm waveguide amplifier with 0.1 dB/cm loss.
  • Identified energy-transfer upconversion effects impacting gain at Nd(3+) concentrations above 1 x 10^20 cm(-3).

Conclusions:

  • Polymer channel waveguides doped with Nd complexes can function as effective optical amplifiers.
  • The fabrication method is simple and reproducible.
  • Gain performance is promising, with upconversion being a factor at higher dopant concentrations.