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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which are...
Atomic Structure01:17

Atomic Structure

The Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles called atomos, Greek for "indivisible," from which the modern term "atom" is derived. In the 19th century, John Dalton proposed the atomic theory that is still largely correct today. He put forth five postulates to explain how atoms made up the world around us. (1) All matter is composed of infinitely small particles or atoms. (2) All atoms of a given element are identical to one another and (3) are...
Atomic Structure01:33

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All matter is composed of atoms, the smallest individual units of elements. Each atom is made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Together, these three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.The History of Atomic TheoryThe first person to propose that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles was the Greek philosopher Democritus, around 450 B.C. He used the term atomos, Greek for “indivisible,” from which the modern term “atom” is derived.
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
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Atomic Orbitals

An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.

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Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
08:14

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

A Saturnian atom.

E Lee, D Farrelly, T Uzer

    Optics Express
    |April 18, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study theoretically demonstrates how an electronic wavepacket can be localized, maintaining its form along a Kepler orbit. This offers a new perspective on atomic models, likening electron motion to charged dust grains in planetary rings.

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    Atom Probe Tomography Studies on the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Grain Boundaries

    Published on: April 22, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Atomic Physics
    • Quantum Mechanics
    • Classical Mechanics

    Background:

    • Bohr's planetary model proposed simple electron orbits.
    • Wave mechanics challenges the concept of defined electron paths.
    • A localized electronic wavepacket could mimic classical orbits.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically demonstrate the localization of an electronic wavepacket.
    • To explore the possibility of a classical-like electron motion in an atom.
    • To find suitable analogies for this localized electronic motion.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of electronic wavepacket behavior.
    • Comparison with ion confinement techniques (e.g., Penning trap).
    • Analogy to charged dust grain motion in planetary rings.

    Main Results:

    • An electronic wavepacket can be confined to prevent spreading or dispersion.
    • This confinement allows the wavepacket's center to move along a Kepler orbit.
    • External fields are necessary for wavepacket confinement.

    Conclusions:

    • A localized electronic wavepacket can maintain its form along a classical orbit.
    • This model provides a new theoretical framework for understanding electron behavior in atoms.
    • The motion resembles charged dust in planetary rings more than Bohr's orbits.