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Related Concept Videos

Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...
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Multiple Allele Traits

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Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
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Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450 isoenzymes,...

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A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering
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Published on: December 7, 2016

Hemoglobin variants in Cyprus.

Andreani R Kyrri1, Xenia Felekis, Eleni Kalogerou

  • 1Thalassaemia Centre, Makarios Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus. arkyrri@cytanet.com.cy

Hemoglobin
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hemoglobin (Hb) variants in Cyprus reflect diverse historical colonizations. This study identified 12 structural Hb variants, including common Hb S and Hb Setif, linked to the island's rich past.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Population Genetics
  • Medical History

Background:

  • Cyprus's strategic location has historically facilitated the intermingling of Eastern and Western civilizations.
  • The presence of diverse hemoglobin (Hb) variants in a population can serve as a marker of historical migrations and colonizations.
  • Thalassemia screening programs offer a valuable opportunity to identify and study structural Hb variants within specific populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize structural hemoglobin variants in the Cypriot population.
  • To determine the frequency and geographical localization of identified Hb variants within Cyprus.
  • To correlate the distribution of Hb variants with historical settlement patterns and origins on the island.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from a 26-year thalassemia screening program involving 248,000 subjects in Nicosia, Cyprus.
  • Detailed investigation of a sub-population sample of 65,668 individuals to ascertain variant frequencies and locations.
  • Identification of structural Hb variants through DNA sequencing, focusing on both beta-globin and alpha-globin genes.

Main Results:

  • Twelve distinct structural Hb variants were identified via DNA sequencing: nine affecting the beta-globin gene and three the alpha-globin gene.
  • The most prevalent beta-globin variants found were Hb S (0.2%), Hb D-Punjab (0.02%), and Hb Lepore-Washington-Boston (0.03%).
  • The most common alpha-globin variant identified was Hb Setif (0.1%).

Conclusions:

  • The identified spectrum of structural Hb variants in Cyprus provides genetic evidence supporting the island's history of colonization and cultural exchange.
  • The localization of certain variants aligns with historical settlement patterns, suggesting specific origins for these genetic traits.
  • This research underscores the utility of large-scale thalassemia screening for uncovering population-specific genetic diversity and historical insights.