Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Screening for Proximal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Published on: February 10, 2023
Two new examples of Hb St. Etienne [beta 92(F8)HisGln] in association with venous thrombosis
Nicholas H C Au1, Ann Y K Wong, Linda Vickars
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Hb St. Etienne [beta92(F8)HisGln] (also known as Hb Istanbul) is a rare unstable beta-globin chain variant that has been described in only three reports involving four patients. We report two individuals in a family of Scottish extraction whose members had been erroneously diagnosed to have hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and have now been shown to be heterozygotes for Hb St. Etienne. They also had venous thrombotic events with minimal provocation. This family illustrates the difficulties in identifying the cause of chronic hemolytic anemia and highlights the possible contribution of chronic hemolysis to increased risk of thrombosis.
Hb St. Etienne [beta92(F8)HisGln] (also known as Hb Istanbul) is a rare unstable beta-globin chain variant that has been described in only three reports involving four patients. We report two individuals in a family of Scottish extraction whose members had been erroneously diagnosed to have hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and have now been shown to be heterozygotes for Hb St. Etienne. They also had venous thrombotic events with minimal provocation. This family illustrates the difficulties in identifying the cause of chronic hemolytic anemia and highlights the possible contribution of chronic hemolysis to increased risk of thrombosis.
Related Concept Videos
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

