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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.

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Stable electroenzymatic processes by catalyst separation.

Falk Hildebrand1, Stephan Lütz

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology 2, Research Centre Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rapid enzyme inactivation hindered electroenzymatic synthesis of chiral alcohols. New methods using a polymeric mediator and spatial separation create a stable process with improved catalyst use.

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Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Enzyme inactivation is a major limitation in electroenzymatic synthesis of chiral alcohols.
  • This has restricted synthetic applications for over 20 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the reasons behind rapid enzyme inactivation.
  • To develop a stable electroenzymatic process for chiral alcohol synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated enzyme inactivation mechanisms in electroenzymatic synthesis.
  • Developed a water-soluble polymeric mediator.
  • Implemented spatial separation between the enzyme and mediator.

Main Results:

  • Elucidated the causes of rapid enzyme inactivation.
  • Achieved the first stable electroenzymatic process for chiral alcohol synthesis.
  • Significantly improved catalyst utilization.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy overcomes previous limitations in enzyme stability.
  • This breakthrough enables wider synthetic applications of electroenzymatic chiral alcohol production.