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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Classification of lupus nephritis.

Glen S Markowitz1, Vivette D D'Agati

  • 1Department of Pathology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. gsm17@columbia.edu

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The 2003 International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification improves lupus nephritis diagnosis reproducibility. Lupus nephritis class IV-S shows outcomes similar to or better than class IV-G.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Lupus nephritis involves immune complex deposition in the kidneys.
  • Diverse patterns affect glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular compartments.
  • Accurate classification is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) 2003 Classification of Lupus Nephritis.
  • To discuss changes and implications of the 2003 classification.
  • To briefly cover other renal diseases in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the ISN/RPS 2003 classification criteria.
  • Analysis of changes from previous classifications.
  • Synthesis of findings from multiple studies on classification impact.

Main Results:

  • The ISN/RPS 2003 classification refined definitions and eliminated subclasses for class V.
  • It introduced subcategories for class IV: IV-S (segmental) and IV-G (global).
  • This led to increased interobserver reproducibility and a shift in class frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • The ISN/RPS 2003 classification is widely adopted.
  • It demonstrates improved reproducibility and clinical relevance in diagnosing lupus nephritis.
  • Lupus nephritis class IV-S shows comparable or superior patient outcomes.