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Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

HIV dynamics and integrase inhibitors.

John M Murray¹

¹School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. J.Murray@unsw.edu.au

Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy

|April 21, 2009

Summary

Raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor, effectively reduces HIV RNA in early stages. However, its long-term impact on latent HIV DNA and infected cells remains uncertain, potentially limiting future benefits.

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Mathematical Biology

Background:

Raltegravir (INI) shows efficacy in reducing HIV RNA in clinical trials.
Current HIV RNA assays have detection limits, and latent reservoir effects are unstudied.
Mathematical modeling can explore long-term outcomes beyond trial data.

Purpose of the Study:

To model the long-term effects of integrase inhibitor (INI) regimens on HIV RNA and DNA levels.
To investigate the impact of INI on latently HIV-infected cells.
To understand HIV generation and maintenance under antiretroviral therapy.

Main Methods:

Extended mathematical models of previous raltegravir trial results.
Estimated effects on HIV RNA beyond the second phase.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

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Published on: April 9, 2014

Measurement of In Vitro Integration Activity of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes

Measurement of In Vitro Integration Activity of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2017

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Assessed impact on HIV DNA and latently infected cell levels.

Main Results:

Later phase HIV RNA and DNA levels with INI depend on assumptions about viral generation and latent cell interaction.
If stem cell differentiation maintains latent infection, INI may offer no added benefit.
Ongoing replication models predict lower HIV RNA but not necessarily reduced latent infection.

Conclusions:

The long-term benefit of integrase inhibitors like raltegravir on latent HIV reservoirs is uncertain and model-dependent.
Understanding HIV DNA and RNA dynamics is crucial for assessing antiretroviral therapy effectiveness.
Further investigation into HIV RNA and DNA levels under INI is needed for better therapeutic insights.