Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...

Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Instrumentation Amplifier

Instrumentation Amplifier

An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Levosimendan in intensive care and emergency medicine: literature update and expert recommendations for optimal efficacy and safety.

Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care·2023

Same author

Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA.

Living reviews in relativity·2020

Same author

Characterization of transient noise in Advanced LIGO relevant to gravitational wave signal GW150914.

Classical and quantum gravity·2020

Same author

GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO.

Physical review. D. (2016)·2020

Same author

Search for Subsolar Mass Ultracompact Binaries in Advanced LIGO's Second Observing Run.

Physical review letters·2019

Same author

Tests of General Relativity with GW170817.

Physical review letters·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

[ECG artefacts after electrode misplacements].

T Thaler¹, A Rudiger

¹Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsspital Zürich.

|April 21, 2009

Summary

Electrocardiogram (ECG) artefacts from electrode misplacement mimic myocardial ischemia. This review details ECG criteria to identify these common, misleading artefacts, improving diagnostic accuracy.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Medical Diagnostics
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Electrode misplacement in electrocardiograms (ECG) occurs in 0.4–4% of cases.
These artefacts can lead to misdiagnosis of critical conditions like myocardial ischemia.
Specific misplacements can mimic lateral, inferior, or anterior wall myocardial ischemia.

Purpose of the Study:

To present ECG criteria for identifying artefacts caused by electrode misplacement.
To differentiate true myocardial ischemia from ECG artefacts.
To enhance the diagnostic accuracy of electrocardiography.

Main Methods:

Review of ECG criteria associated with electrode misplacement artefacts.
Analysis of specific electrode misplacements and their corresponding ECG patterns.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Published on: July 26, 2013

Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

Published on: June 23, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Published on: July 26, 2013

Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

Published on: June 23, 2023

Identification of key diagnostic indicators for artefact recognition.

Main Results:

Artefacts can mimic myocardial ischemia, affecting diagnosis.
Specific ECG findings suggest electrode misplacement, including abnormal QRS axis, P-wave abnormalities in specific leads (aVR, I, II), low voltage in limb leads (I, II, III), and irregular R-wave progression (V1-V6).

Conclusions:

Recognizing ECG artefacts from electrode misplacement is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
The proposed ECG criteria aid clinicians in distinguishing artefacts from genuine myocardial ischemia.
Improved identification of artefacts enhances patient safety and diagnostic reliability.