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Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
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Intratympanic membrane congenital cholesteatoma

Tadao Yoshida1, Michihiko Sone, Terukazu Mizuno

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. tadaoy@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|April 21, 2009
PubMed

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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