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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

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Published on: April 29, 2010

Replisome structure and conformational dynamics underlie fork progression past obstacles.

Nina Y Yao1, Mike O'Donnell

  • 1Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|April 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

DNA replication machinery, called replisomes, use dynamic strategies to navigate DNA replication challenges. They can bypass DNA lesions and RNA polymerase, ensuring genome duplication proceeds efficiently.

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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA replication requires complex protein machinery called replisomes.
  • The antiparallel nature of DNA presents geometric challenges during replication.
  • Replisomes have evolved dynamic mechanisms to overcome these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic features of replisomes in overcoming DNA replication obstacles.
  • To understand how replisomes handle DNA lesions and bound proteins during replication.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms enabling replisome bypass of RNA polymerase.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies of replisome dynamics.
  • Analysis of protein-DNA interactions during replication.
  • Biochemical assays to study lesion circumvention and polymerase bypass.

Main Results:

  • Replisomes employ unique strategies, similar to lagging strand synthesis, to circumvent DNA lesions on either strand.
  • Accessory proteins can transiently join replisomes to aid in lesion circumvention.
  • Replisomes can bypass RNA polymerase without halting replication progression.

Conclusions:

  • Replisomes exhibit remarkable adaptability in managing diverse challenges during genome duplication.
  • The ability to circumvent lesions and bypass obstacles is crucial for maintaining genome integrity.
  • These findings highlight the sophisticated mechanisms underlying efficient DNA replication.