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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...

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Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
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Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis.

Alison R Foster1, Jason P Caplan

  • 1Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Psychosomatics
|April 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) causes psychiatric symptoms due to an autoimmune response targeting neural tissue. Early diagnosis and tumor treatment are crucial for managing this rare but serious condition.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
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High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum
10:19

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Published on: November 23, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Oncology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) involves neuropsychiatric symptoms from an autoimmune response against neural tissue, triggered by a tumor.
  • Tumor identification and removal are key for effective PLE management.
  • Limited literature exists on managing the psychiatric manifestations of PLE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To increase psychiatrist familiarity with PLE, given its potential to mimic primary psychiatric disorders.
  • To highlight the association between PLE and potentially life-threatening malignancies.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of PLE's mechanisms and treatments.

Main Methods:

  • A review and discussion of the existing consensus literature on PLE.
  • Synthesis of proposed mechanisms underlying PLE.
  • Summary of current and proposed treatment strategies for PLE.

Main Results:

  • PLE presents with diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms that can be mistaken for primary psychiatric conditions.
  • The underlying malignancy associated with PLE requires prompt diagnosis and intervention.
  • Understanding the autoimmune mechanisms is vital for developing targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Psychiatrists must be aware of PLE as a differential diagnosis for unexplained neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • Effective management of PLE necessitates a multidisciplinary approach involving neurology, oncology, and psychiatry.
  • Further research into the immunopathogenesis and treatment of PLE is warranted.