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Related Concept Videos

Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
14:37

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 1, 2017

Defining pathways that enforce cell lineage specification in early development and stem cells.

Stephen Roper1, Myriam Hemberger

  • 1Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and Imprinting, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|April 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Early embryo cell fate decisions and stem cell potency are guided by molecular processes. Epigenetic regulation, particularly DNA methylation of Elf5, fixes cell lineages but can be manipulated to induce transdifferentiation.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Cell lineage decisions after fertilization are crucial for embryonic development.
  • Transcription factors govern cell fate towards embryonic or extraembryonic lineages.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms, like DNA methylation, play a role in fixing cell fates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize experimental conditions inducing cell lineage transdifferentiation.
  • To elucidate genetic and epigenetic pathways involved in lineage separation.
  • To understand the developmental potential of stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies on cell lineage manipulation.
  • Analysis of transcription factor roles in cell fate determination.
  • Investigation of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation.

Main Results:

  • Specific transcription factors determine embryonic vs. extraembryonic lineage commitment.
  • DNA methylation of Elf5 is a key epigenetic mechanism for lineage fixation.
  • Transdifferentiation can be induced by manipulating lineage determinants or epigenetic regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding early cell lineage decisions is vital for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
  • Epigenetic reprogramming offers insights into lineage plasticity.
  • Further research into genetic and epigenetic pathways can enhance stem cell therapies.