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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
09:36

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: December 22, 2009

International perspective on embryonic stem cell research.

Debora Diniz1, Daniel Avelino

  • 1Anis Instituto de Bioética, Direitos Humanos e Gênero, Brasília, DF, Brasil.

Revista De Saude Publica
|April 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Governments worldwide increasingly permit embryonic stem cell research, implementing strict ethical guidelines. Only Italy and Germany explicitly restrict stem cell extraction and use, reflecting a global trend towards regulated scientific advancement.

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Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Freezing and Thawing Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Medical Ethics
  • Regulatory Science

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cell research holds significant therapeutic potential.
  • International regulations governing this research vary widely.
  • Understanding these regulations is crucial for scientific advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comparative analysis of governmental regulations on embryonic stem cell research across multiple countries.
  • To identify global trends and variations in legal frameworks for stem cell research.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive electronic search of legislative documents from 25 countries was conducted.
  • Data collection occurred between March and May 2008.
  • Official databases were supplemented with expert consultations via email.

Main Results:

  • A general trend towards permitting embryonic stem cell research was observed.
  • Most countries allow research but impose stringent ethical restrictions.
  • Italy and Germany stand out with explicit prohibitions on stem cell extraction and/or use.

Conclusions:

  • The observed regulatory trend supports research as a public good, fostering knowledge advancement.
  • This trend is driven by the potential of embryonic stem cell research to develop novel therapies.
  • International regulatory alignment is emerging, with Brazil's recent decisions mirroring global patterns.