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Related Concept Videos

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones01:38

Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones

Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Rat Model of Compound Acne
03:10

A Rat Model of Compound Acne

Published on: November 1, 2024

[Acne induced by amineptine].

Antonio Carlos Martins Guedes1, Aline Almeida Bentes, Jackson Machado-Pinto

  • 1Departamento de Clínica Médica, da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia
|April 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This case report details severe acne-like and keratoacanthoma-like lesions linked to high-dose, long-term amineptine (Survector) use. Topical imiquimod showed success in treating smaller keratoacanthoma-like lesions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Amineptine (Survector) is an antidepressant.
  • Adverse dermatological reactions to antidepressants are uncommon but significant.

Observation:

  • A patient developed severe acne-like lesions on the face, back, perineum, arms, and legs after prolonged high-dose self-medication with amineptine.
  • Keratoacanthoma-like lesions were also noted.

Findings:

  • The severe acne-like eruption and keratoacanthoma-like lesions were associated with amineptine (Survector) abuse.
  • Topical imiquimod was effective in treating the smaller keratoacanthoma-like lesions.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare but severe potential dermatological side effect of amineptine.
  • Awareness of these adverse effects is crucial for clinicians managing patients on or considering amineptine.