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Characterization of Glycoproteins with the Immunoglobulin Fold by X-Ray Crystallography and Biophysical Techniques
Published on: July 5, 2018
Structural basis of antibody-antigen interactions
1Boston Biomedical Research Institute, 64 Grove Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
Antibody molecules can be regarded as products of a protein engineering system for the generation of a virtually unlimited repertoire of complementary molecular surfaces. This extreme structural heterogeneity is required for recognition of the nearly infinite array of antigenic determinants. This chapter discusses the structures of antibodies and their specific recognition of antigens, the binding energetics of these interactions, the cross-reactivity and specificity of antibody-antigen interactions, the role of conformational flexibility in antigen recognition, and the structural basis of the antibody affinity maturation process.
Antibody molecules can be regarded as products of a protein engineering system for the generation of a virtually unlimited repertoire of complementary molecular surfaces. This extreme structural heterogeneity is required for recognition of the nearly infinite array of antigenic determinants. This chapter discusses the structures of antibodies and their specific recognition of antigens, the binding energetics of these interactions, the cross-reactivity and specificity of antibody-antigen interactions, the role of conformational flexibility in antigen recognition, and the structural basis of the antibody affinity maturation process.
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Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure and Classes
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
Antibody Actions
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Affinity and Avidity
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
