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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Surface Protein Binding Assay for Assessing Selectivity and Specificity of an Anticancer Aptamer
10:46

A Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Surface Protein Binding Assay for Assessing Selectivity and Specificity of an Anticancer Aptamer

Published on: September 13, 2022

Cell-specific aptamers for targeted therapies.

Laura Cerchia1, Paloma H Giangrande, James O McNamara

  • 1Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale G. Salvatore, Naples, Italy.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Aptamers, which are nucleic acid molecules, can be selected against whole living cells. This novel approach allows for direct target selection and identification of new cancer-related targets for therapeutic applications.

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A Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Surface Protein Binding Assay for Assessing Selectivity and Specificity of an Anticancer Aptamer
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Signaling proteins regulate cell growth and differentiation, and can act as oncogenes, driving cellular transformation.
  • These molecules are crucial targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy, necessitating intensive research.
  • Aptamers are structured nucleic acid molecules selected via SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in aptamer selection against whole living cells.
  • To describe experimental approaches for aptamer development against cellular targets.
  • To highlight the potential of cell-based aptamers in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Selection of aptamers directly against whole living cells.
  • Utilizing Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) for aptamer isolation.
  • Characterization of aptamer binding to membrane proteins in their native conformation.

Main Results:

  • Aptamers can be selected against whole living cells, bypassing the need for target purification.
  • This method provides access to membrane proteins in their native, in vivo conformation.
  • New targets associated with specific cellular phenotypes can be identified.

Conclusions:

  • Raising aptamers against living cells offers a powerful new strategy for cancer research.
  • This approach facilitates the development of novel therapeutic and drug delivery strategies.
  • Cell-based aptamer selection holds significant promise for advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment.