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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.

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Related Experiment Video

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Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment
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Action-dependent plasticity in peripersonal space representations.

Elisabetta Làdavas1, Andrea Serino

  • 1Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5; 40127 Bologna, Italy. elisabetta.ladavas@unibo.it

Cognitive Neuropsychology
|April 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The brain

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Multisensory Integration

Background:

  • The peripersonal space, the egocentric space surrounding the body, is crucial for sensorimotor interactions.
  • Multisensory integration in the frontal and parietal lobes underpins peripersonal space representation.
  • This representation primarily serves motor functions, guiding approach or defense responses to stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional and dynamic properties of peripersonal space plasticity.
  • To explore how experience, particularly tool use, alters peripersonal space boundaries.
  • To synthesize recent experimental findings on peripersonal space representation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on peripersonal space.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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  • Analysis of experimental findings from the authors' group and other laboratories.
  • Focus on studies investigating the effects of tool use on spatial representation.

    • Main Results:

    • Peripersonal space representations are highly dynamic and adaptable based on experience.
    • Using tools to interact with distant objects can extend the perceived peripersonal space.
    • This plasticity demonstrates a functional adaptation of sensory and motor networks.

    Conclusions:

    • Peripersonal space is not fixed but a flexible representation shaped by sensorimotor experience.
    • Tool use provides a powerful mechanism for modifying and extending peripersonal space.
    • Understanding this plasticity offers insights into sensorimotor control and cognitive flexibility.