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Related Concept Videos

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...

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Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
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Published on: September 24, 2020

Atelectasis during anesthesia: pathophysiology and treatment.

Luiz Marcelo Sá Malbouisson1, Flávio Humberto, Roseny dos Reis Rodrigues

  • 1Disciplina de Anestesiologia do Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP. malbouisson@hcnet.usp.br

Revista Brasileira De Anestesiologia
|April 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Intraoperative pulmonary collapse, or atelectasis, is common during general anesthesia. Understanding its causes and implementing preventive strategies can reduce respiratory complications and hospital stays.

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Published on: October 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Intraoperative pulmonary collapse (atelectasis) is a frequent complication during general anesthesia with muscle relaxation.
  • This condition impairs intraoperative gas exchange and may necessitate extended postoperative respiratory support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological mechanisms of intraoperative atelectasis during general anesthesia.
  • To explore therapeutic maneuvers for preventing and treating this complication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiological aspects of atelectasis.
  • Discussion of factors influencing atelectasis, including mechanical and ventilator settings.
  • Examination of diagnostic criteria and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Atelectasis is influenced by mechanical factors and ventilator management during surgery.
  • Effective prevention and treatment strategies are crucial for patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms and treatment of intraoperative pulmonary collapse is key.
  • Reduced atelectasis incidence can lead to fewer postoperative complications, shorter recovery, and lower costs.