Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pollination and Flower Structure

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.

Biodiversity and Human Values

Biodiversity and Human Values

Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.

Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers

Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers

A species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Typically, individuals of the same species appear similar and share common characteristics due to their highly similar genomes. However, not all organisms that look alike are members of the same species. Various mechanisms keep most species discrete. While some mechanisms prevent reproductive behavior and fertilization (pre-zygotic isolation), others prevent the production of fertile offspring after mating has...

Introduction to Plant Diversity

Introduction to Plant Diversity

From Water to Land

Migration

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.

Gene Flow

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ambient AI in primary care: an exploratory mixed methods survey of UK general practitioners.

BMJ health & care informatics·2026

Same author

Diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness of a combined rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) and lateral flow immunochromatographic assay-based workflow for bloodstream infections.

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·2026

Same author

Real-life performance of a galactomannoprotein-detecting lateral flow immunoassay (AspLFD) in lower respiratory tract and serum specimens for screening pulmonary aspergillosis.

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease·2026

Same author

Urinary bowel stone: calculus formation in a repurposed small intestine - a case report.

BMC nephrology·2026

Same author

Central nervous system complications after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: best practice recommendations from the EBMT practice harmonisation and guidelines committee on epidemiology, outcome and neuroimaging.

Bone marrow transplantation·2026

Same author

SARS-CoV-2 spike-directed T cells and anti-receptor-binding-domain antibodies in hematological patients receiving three mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses.

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Field Experiments of Pollination Ecology: The Case of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea

Field Experiments of Pollination Ecology: The Case of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea

Published on: November 25, 2016

Plant-pollinator networks: adding the pollinator's perspective.

Jordi Bosch¹, Ana M Martín González, Anselm Rodrigo

¹CREAF-Ecology Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. jordi.bosch@uab.es

Ecology Letters

|April 22, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Analyzing pollen loads alongside plant surveys reveals more plant-pollinator interactions, challenging the idea of extreme specialists and showing networks are more connected than previously thought.

More Related Videos

A Rapid Method to Confine and Safely Handle Bees in the Field

A Rapid Method to Confine and Safely Handle Bees in the Field

Published on: August 23, 2024

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

Published on: July 16, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Field Experiments of Pollination Ecology: The Case of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea

Field Experiments of Pollination Ecology: The Case of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea

Published on: November 25, 2016

A Rapid Method to Confine and Safely Handle Bees in the Field

A Rapid Method to Confine and Safely Handle Bees in the Field

Published on: August 23, 2024

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

Published on: July 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Ecology
Botany
Entomology

Background:

Pollination network studies traditionally rely on plant-centered surveys.
This approach often underestimates interactions involving rare pollinator species.
Existing networks show a high proportion of extreme specialists, contradicting generalized interaction views.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the impact of incorporating pollen load data into pollination network analysis.
To gain a more accurate understanding of flower visitation habits, especially for rare pollinators.
To re-evaluate the structure and connectivity of plant-pollinator networks.

Main Methods:

Conducted intensive field surveys in a Mediterranean scrubland.
Observed 4265 plant-pollinator contacts across 19 plant and 122 pollinator species.
Supplemented survey data with analysis of pollen loads carried by pollinators.

Main Results:

The addition of pollen data significantly increased the number of detected interactions.
Network connectance rose 1.43-fold, with mean plant and pollinator connectivity increasing.
The proportion of extreme specialist pollinators decreased, indicating overestimation of specialization.

Conclusions:

Incorporating pollen data provides a more comprehensive view of plant-pollinator networks.
Ecological specialization in pollinators may be overestimated in traditional network studies.
The study revealed distinct network modules, some with strong phenological links, highlighting interconnectedness.