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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
The Parasympathetic Nervous System01:14

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

Overview
Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation.
Parasympathetic Division of the ANS01:08

Parasympathetic Division of the ANS

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates rest and digestion functions in the body. It works in opposition to the sympathetic division, promoting relaxation, conservation of energy, and digestion. The parasympathetic division consists of preganglionic fibers originating from specific cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) and the sacral spinal nerves (S2-S4). These fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons in the terminal ganglia, innervating various organs and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Published on: March 21, 2013

Neural autonomic control in orthostatic intolerance.

Raffaello Furlan1, Franca Barbic, Francesco Casella

  • 1Internal Medicine "Bolognini" Hospital, Seriate, Bergamo, Italy. raffaello.furlan@unimi.it

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|April 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Orthostatic intolerance, characterized by the inability to maintain an upright position, involves altered sympathetic neural cardiovascular control. Studying autonomic profiles offers insights into reduced gravitational tolerance in clinical syndromes and spaceflight.

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Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
08:12

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Published on: March 21, 2013

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
08:12

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Space Medicine

Background:

  • Orthostatic intolerance (OI) presents symptoms similar to conditions arising from weightlessness or prolonged bed rest.
  • Alterations in neural sympathetic cardiovascular control are implicated as key mechanisms in OI.
  • Understanding these autonomic changes is crucial for addressing reduced gravitational tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the autonomic profile in human orthostatic intolerance syndromes.
  • To elucidate the complex sympathetic alterations contributing to reduced gravitational tolerance.
  • To compare neural sympathetic mechanisms in clinical OI with those in astronauts post-spaceflight.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of sympathetic neural firing patterns in patients with orthostatic intolerance.
  • Assessment of cardiovascular autonomic function during upright posture.
  • Comparative analysis of human responses to gravitational stress in clinical and spaceflight contexts.

Main Results:

  • Observed abnormalities in both the magnitude and pattern of sympathetic neural firing in OI patients.
  • Identified specific alterations in cardiovascular sympathetic control during orthostatic stress.
  • Highlighted similarities and differences in sympathetic responses between clinical OI and post-spaceflight conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Sympathetic neural alterations are central to the pathophysiology of orthostatic intolerance.
  • Studying autonomic profiles provides critical insights into impaired gravitational tolerance.
  • Comparative analysis aids in understanding human adaptation to altered gravitational environments.