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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

Working memory in children with developmental disorders.

Tracy Packiam Alloway1, Gnanathusharan Rajendran, Lisa M D Archibald

  • 1University of Stirling, United Kingdom. t.p.alloway@durham.ac.uk

Journal of Learning Disabilities
|April 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with Specific Language Impairment, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Asperger syndrome (AS) show unique working memory profiles. These findings highlight how different developmental disorders impact specific memory skills, aiding learning support.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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09:05

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07:01

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08:09

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Working memory is crucial for learning and cognitive function.
  • Understanding memory profiles in developmental disorders is key for targeted interventions.
  • Previous research suggests varying cognitive deficits across different diagnoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly compare working memory skills in students with Specific Language Impairment, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Asperger syndrome (AS).
  • To investigate if specific developmental disorder diagnoses are associated with unique working memory profiles.
  • To explore the implications of these differential memory profiles for educational support.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of working memory performance.
  • Assessment of verbal and visuospatial short-term and working memory.
  • Categorization of participants based on established diagnostic criteria for developmental disorders.

Main Results:

  • Specific Language Impairment linked to verbal short-term and working memory deficits.
  • Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) associated with visuospatial short-term and working memory deficits.
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder showed impairments in both verbal and visuospatial working memory.
  • Asperger syndrome (AS) demonstrated deficits in verbal short-term memory only.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory profiles differ significantly across various developmental disorders.
  • Diagnosis-specific memory deficits have implications for tailoring learning support strategies.
  • Findings support the need for individualized educational approaches based on cognitive profiles.