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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Published on: May 9, 2025
Lopinavir/ritonavir in pregnancy
Susan S Roberts1, Marisol Martinez, Deborah L Covington
1Clinical Research Department, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403-5995, USA. robertss@uncw.edu
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)
|April 22, 2009
Summary
Lopinavir/ritonavir exposure during pregnancy did not show an increased risk of birth defects. This antiretroviral therapy is considered safe for HIV-positive pregnant women.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Pharmacology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- The Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry monitors birth defect risks associated with antiretroviral therapy.
- Lopinavir/ritonavir is a common antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the risk of birth defects following prenatal exposure to lopinavir/ritonavir.
- To compare this risk with established birth defect rates.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of prospective pregnancies exposed to lopinavir/ritonavir from the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (2000-2007).
- Comparison of birth defect prevalence with a population-based surveillance system.
- Comparison of first-trimester exposures with second/third-trimester exposures.
Main Results:
- 2.4% of 955 live births exposed to lopinavir/ritonavir had birth defects.
- Rates were similar to comparator groups (population-based and second/third-trimester exposures).
- No specific pattern of birth defects was identified.
Conclusions:
- Prenatal exposure to lopinavir/ritonavir is not associated with a significantly increased prevalence of birth defects.
- Provides reassurance regarding the safety of lopinavir/ritonavir for HIV-positive pregnant women.
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