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Related Concept Videos

Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
In vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

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In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
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In vitro selection of glmS ribozymes.

Kristian H Link1, Ronald R Breaker

  • 1Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Riboswitches are RNA molecules controlling gene expression without proteins. Reverse engineering natural riboswitches can create synthetic versions for sensing and responding to various ligands.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Riboswitches regulate gene expression in response to small molecule metabolites.
  • Most natural riboswitches function independently of protein factors.
  • RNA molecules can be engineered for specific ligand sensing and gene control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of reverse engineering natural riboswitches.
  • To provide a foundation for designing synthetic riboswitches.
  • To demonstrate the use of in vitro selection for creating variant ribozymes.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro selection techniques.
  • Engineering RNA molecules for gene control.
  • Studying natural riboswitch mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Natural riboswitches demonstrate that RNA can perform sensing and gene control functions.
  • In vitro selection can generate variant ribozymes, such as glmS ribozymes.
  • The described techniques can be applied to other riboswitch classes.

Conclusions:

  • RNA molecules can be engineered as designer gene control elements.
  • Reverse engineering natural riboswitches is a viable strategy for synthetic biology.
  • In vitro selection is a powerful tool for modifying riboswitch function and specificity.