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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Proteomics

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...

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Cell-Lineage Guided Mass Spectrometry Proteomics in the Developing (Frog) Embryo

Cell-Lineage Guided Mass Spectrometry Proteomics in the Developing (Frog) Embryo

Published on: April 21, 2022

Proteomics and human embryonic stem cells.

Dennis Van Hoof¹, Albert J R Heck, Jeroen Krijgsveld

¹Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Stem Cell Research

|April 23, 2009

Summary

Proteomics using mass spectrometry identifies key proteins for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) self-renewal and pluripotency. This research advances cell therapy by revealing novel intracellular and extracellular factors influencing hESC behavior.

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Cell-Lineage Guided Mass Spectrometry Proteomics in the Developing (Frog) Embryo

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: July 22, 2008

Area of Science:

Stem Cell Biology
Proteomics
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are crucial for regenerative medicine, but controlling their expansion and differentiation is challenging due to unknown signaling pathways.
Current methods like microarrays provide gene expression data, but protein-level information, including post-translational modifications, is essential for understanding cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and analyze proteomic studies on hESCs and feeder cells to identify proteins critical for hESC maintenance and pluripotency.
To complement transcriptome data with proteome-wide insights into hESC behavior and signaling.

Main Methods:

Utilized mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques to analyze hESCs and conditioned media from feeder cells.
Performed a meta-analysis of published proteomic datasets from multiple hESC lines and feeder cell types (mouse and human).

Main Results:

Identified 32 intracellular and 16 plasma membrane proteins consistently found in undifferentiated hESCs but not in differentiated cells.
Discovered 13 and 24 proteins commonly present in mouse and human feeder cell lines, respectively, potentially acting as extracellular signaling molecules.

Conclusions:

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is a powerful, unbiased approach for discovering novel proteins associated with hESCs.
Proteomic data provides crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms governing hESC self-renewal, pluripotency, and interaction with feeder cells, advancing cell therapy development.