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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes
12:47

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes

Published on: May 14, 2012

[From stem cells to lymphocytes].

F Melchers1

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, Senior Research Group Lymphozytenentwicklung, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland. melchers@mpiib-berlin.mpg.de

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|April 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pluripotent stem cells give rise to both innate and adaptive immune cells. Interactions within bone marrow niches, involving osteoblasts and hematopoietic stem cells, guide immune cell development and adaptation to antigens.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes
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Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes

Published on: May 14, 2012

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 14, 2014

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Context:

  • The immune system originates from two types of pluripotent stem cells: hematopoietic and mesenchymal.
  • Hematopoietic stem cells generate blood cells, while mesenchymal stem cells produce bone, cartilage, and fat cells.
  • Bone marrow, produced by osteoblasts, serves as a critical niche for immune cell development and interaction.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the origins and developmental pathways of immune cells from pluripotent stem cells.
  • To describe the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in guiding immune cell development.
  • To explain how immune cell responses adapt to self and foreign antigens.

Summary:

  • Pluripotent stem cells differentiate into hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages, forming the basis of the immune system.
  • Hematopoietic stem cells develop into various blood cells within specialized niches, interacting with osteoblasts and other stromal cells.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells contribute to the bone marrow niche, influencing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development.
  • Immune cells, particularly lymphocytes, undergo selection and adaptation based on self and foreign antigens through specific receptor interactions.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of immune cell origins and development.
  • Highlights the crucial role of the bone marrow niche in immune homeostasis.
  • Explains the mechanisms of immune system adaptation to diverse antigenic challenges.
  • Offers insights into potential therapeutic targets for immune disorders by understanding stem cell interactions.