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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Mapping Alzheimer's Disease Variants to Their Target Genes Using Computational Analysis of Chromatin Configuration
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Genome-wide association studies in ADHD.

Barbara Franke1, Benjamin M Neale, Stephen V Faraone

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. b.franke@antrg.umcn.nl

Human Genetics
|April 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are exploring genes for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While not yet conclusive, these studies reveal potential roles for cell communication and basic biological processes in ADHD development.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurogenetics
  • Psychiatric Genetics

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric condition affecting children and adults.
  • Despite high heritability (approx. 76%), identifying specific genes for ADHD has been challenging.
  • ADHD is considered multifactorial, involving multiple genes with small effects interacting with environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for ADHD.
  • To identify potential genetic underpinnings of ADHD beyond traditional candidate genes.
  • To highlight emerging biological pathways implicated in ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of five published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on ADHD diagnosis and related phenotypes.
  • Review of studies utilizing large sample sets, including the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study and pooled adult ADHD cohorts.
  • Assessment of reported genetic associations, including replication and overlap across studies.

Main Results:

  • No genome-wide significant associations were consistently found after multiple testing correction.
  • Limited overlap between studies, with CDH13 being a notable exception.
  • Evidence suggests involvement of novel neurotransmission, cell-cell communication, potassium channels, cell division, adhesion, neuronal migration, plasticity, and extracellular matrix regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Current GWAS studies in ADHD offer initial insights into the genetic architecture of the disorder.
  • Further large-scale studies with standardized phenotyping and DNA collection are crucial for definitive gene identification.
  • Findings suggest a broader range of biological processes, including cell adhesion and communication, are implicated in ADHD.