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Morphological changes in human placenta of wet snuff users.

Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad Aslam Channa, Masud Akhtar Malik

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
|April 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Wet snuff use alters placental micromorphology, impacting material exchange between mother and fetus. This can lead to intrauterine growth retardation and hormonal imbalances, potentially causing premature labor.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Anatomy
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Wet snuff, a tobacco product, is widely used in Pakistan.
  • While smoking's placental effects are known, snuff's impact during pregnancy is less understood.
  • This study investigated the morphological effects of wet snuff on human placentae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the gross and microscopic morphological changes in human placentae due to wet snuff use.
  • To assess the potential impact of these changes on pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Examined 80 human placentae (40 from snuff users, 40 from non-users).
  • Assessed gross features (weight, diameter, thickness, cord attachment).
  • Analyzed micromorphology using H&E, Mallory's trichrome, and silver stains on 4µm sections.

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Main Results:

  • No significant gross morphological differences were observed between groups.
  • Micromorphological changes were evident in placentae from snuff users.
  • These changes indicated a loss of functional placental components.

Conclusions:

  • Wet snuff use significantly affects placental micromorphology, impairing maternal-fetal material exchange.
  • This impairment may result in intrauterine growth retardation and hormonal imbalances, increasing the risk of premature labor.
  • Nicotine in snuff can cross the placenta, potentially causing fetal tachycardia.