Evolution of protein modularity

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Optimization of Synthetic Proteins: Identification of Interpositional Dependencies Indicating Structurally and/or Functionally Linked Residues
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Edward N Trifonov1, Zakharia M Frenkel

  • 1Genome Diversity Center, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel. trifonov@research.haifa.ac.il

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|April 24, 2009
PubMed

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Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
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Conservation of Protein Domains02:26

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A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
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Protein Organization

Overview
Protein Organization01:24

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.